School Uniforms Essay Sample free essay sample

School garbs. the subject that leaves California bantering for decennaries has made its way into the Supreme Court. be that as it may, has non been settled entirely. States are as yet open whether garbs ought to be implemented. yet, measurements show endless supply of school outfits. the general offense rate has diminished by 91 % and student suspension had other than dropped by 90 % . School outfits ought to be implemented on the grounds that regalia help thwart judgment among students. they are less expensive than insouciant vesture. what's more, they support a feeling of subject. To get away from. judgment among understudies is an overall activity. Roughly 160. 000 teenagers play hooky each twenty-four hours on account of solid furnishing. Huge numbers of these youngsters are alienated because of the way that they can non manage the cost of the name exchange name vesture. which can take to melancholy or a powerlessness to focus on school task. Despite the fact that outfits can non end terrorizing. it will at any rate forestall students who aren’t dressed blending to the most recent propensities from securing singled out for their pick of attire. We will compose a custom exposition test on School Uniforms Essay Sample or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Second. families of lower classifications will have the option to manage the cost of vesture for students at an a lot less expensive expense in the long count. School outfits can rescue guardians a cluster of cash. as they would only require to buy their children attire for the end of the week and specific events. Albeit a few guardians accept that outfits cost more than buying array for school and the ends of the week. outfits are intended to be additionally enduring contrasted with insouciant vesture. also, will last thirster while as yet looking pleasant. Last. guardians will other than rescue cash when children grow out of their regalia. for they would simply require to buy all things considered 5 support of outfits then again of supplanting their children’s entire cabinet. passing a standard of more than $ 1. 700 a twelvemonth. Finally. garbs help comprehend subject in school task. School unvarying makes understudies take a gander at their guidance truly. A student seting on their uniform and making a trip to class resembles an adult seting on a suit and making a trip to work. henceforth. makes a progressively genuine contribution in school task. Fitting to head. Ramon Leyba of Sweetwater High School. â€Å"The boss result is a general advancement in the school clime and a more prominent point of convergence on positive conduct. A huge part of that is from garbs. † On the different manus. many will express that school outfits make understudies increasingly insubordinate and are simply another impediment on studentsâ₠¬â„¢ opportunity. in any case, a student’s independence is non dependent on how they dress. be that as it may, is their area of head. On the other hand. insights says that suspension had diminished by roughly 90 % and guardians have other than guaranteed that students were increasingly roused while making prep. In choice. understudies will be progressively focussed in school with garbs. Study other than shows that actualizing outfits will decrease future offense rate and student suspension. School regalia ought to be required on the grounds that outfits help thwart judgment among students. they are cheap. what's more, they support a feeling of subject. I encourage you. to do school outfits a prerequisite to a student’s school twenty-four hours. for regalia will offer incredible improvements to understudies and their guidance.

Journal Review.Describing Trends & Reading Closely Essay

Diary Review.Describing Trends and Reading Closely - Essay Example Likewise, monetary ideas can be clarified in an a lot easier approach to others by making likenesses or analogies to things which might be relied upon to be notable to most crowds. Along these lines, I have increased a more extensive point of view on the scope of materialness, the significance of a collection of encounters for better comprehension of hypotheses and thoughts found in books, and the potential employments of most hypothetical ideas that I have adapted up until now will in any case learn in my picked field. Contrasted and other well known distributions, for example, magazines, papers, books, and different sorts of printed media that are regularly unreservedly distributed absent a lot of examination and are accessible to a wide assortment of crowds, scholastic or insightful diaries are as a rule the result of various and thorough screenings and altering of it completely, from sentence structure to sufficiency and legitimacy of the substance (Olson 52). Because of a consid erably more engaged or tight extended crowds that are for the most part inside explicit professions, research, or subjects, scholastic or insightful diaries are the sorts of distributions which are not promptly accessible to regular society, and even among most academicians or scholarly people the data contained in these distributions are a bit much relevant for them in their regular daily existences since the greater part of these diaries and their individual articles have pretty much specificities in their target groups. Also, there is a higher dismissal rate among these sorts of articles, essentially because of the conceivable position of the data that whenever dispersed, could change the course of various orders. The need to investigate is somewhat an overwhelming errand since not all individuals from the talk network are effortlessly influenced by the substance, and in many cases have their own counterarguments dependent on their own insight, encounters, and if potential, hypot heses. The talk network that surveys or screens the substance of such diaries can be supposed to be harsh and rather unforgiving, while simultaneously unique since â€Å"over time, certain issues are settled and new issues are explored† (53). As it were, the data being absorbed and assembled in generally scholastic or insightful diaries can either get spearheading or dispensable, contingent upon the speed in refreshing or confirming certain thoughts or ideas discharged in these sorts of distributions. For clarifying the substance and the extents of insightful or scholastic diaries, the Journal of Economic Essays distributed by Wiley-Blackwell, a piece of the John Wiley and Sons bunch is the diary picked for this undertaking. As a competitor originating from the field of financial aspects, I have picked this diary since I am sure that with the information that I have learned in my examinations on my field of specialization, I might have the option to decipher the ideas inserte d in certain articles from the diary to illuminate others outside of my field about this journal’s dreams and goals, yet of the possibility of financial aspects overall. Likewise, this distribution is a somewhat comprehensive one, as it is demonstrated in the writer rules that the majority of the articles worthy for distribution were written such that more individuals can value the substance because of lesser financial languages and increasingly casual terms that numerous perusers can comprehend (John Wiley and Sons). Additionally, as I would like to think utilizing a diary that has lesser specialized language can be an intriguing method to make individuals or perusers from different fields to get diminished from being overpowered or

To Read or to Listen, That Is the Question

To Read or to Listen, That Is the Question This is a guest post from Sadie Trombetta. Sadie is a freelance writer and self proclaimed foodie living in the greater Boston area. She is a ravenous reader, Netflix addict, and nature enthusiast who can usually be found hiking up one mountain or another with at least four books in her backpack. Shes a passionate feminist whose hobbies include cooking, crafting, and yoga. Sadies writing has appeared in numerous online publications including Bustle, Ravishly, BookBub, The Kitchn, and Redbook. Her versatile work covers a range of topics including womens issues, literature, cooking, health wellness, and news. Follow her on Twitter  @lady_strombetta. Paperback or hardcover, digital or print, physical or audio, I’m addicted to books of every size, shape, and form, which is why, whenever it comes time to buy a new one, I find myself questioning: what kind should I get? In my decades of experience, I’ve come up with a pretty good system for deciding. For the longest time, I was a strictly physical book reader. I scoffed at e-readers, rolled my eyes at the mere idea of audiobooks, and harshly judged anyone whose digital library was bigger than their physical one. But as I got older, traveled more, and began reading out of the home more often than I read inside the home, I started to see the benefits of alternatives to my traditional paperbacks and hardcovers. I slowly started dabbling in other forms of reading, and it didn’t take me long to realize that holding a slim Kindle on the train or listening to a book through headphones at the gym is a lot easier than juggling an actual book. It took even less time for me to come up with a system for deciding what kinds of books to get in which form. Like any true book-lover, I know that I will never get rid of my library â€" I still aspire to have a Belle-esque room filled with every book ever written â€" but I have come to learn there is a time, a place, and a genre for every form of book. And while a lot of it may depend on personal taste, I think there are a few general rules of thumb when it comes to one of the hardest questions a book-lover can be faced to ask: to read, to click through, or to listen? When you read a physical book,  it requires both mental and physical effort, because not only does your brain have to process the words on the page in front of you, but your body has to stay still long enough to keep the pages in front of you . The story you read has to be captivating enough to keep your attention, to keep you seated, and to keep you motivated to hold your arms up. When you commit yourself to a physical book, you commit yourself to hours of not just reading, but to carry around extra weight, to submit yourself to potential paper cuts, to subject your shoulders and your neck to the strain of holding a heavy novel. I know I’m making reading sound more dramatic, and perhaps more dangerous, than it really is, but the truth is that reading a physical book is a lot of work, so when you decide to put the effort in, you expect a story that’s worth every turn of the page. That’s why when I decide to read a physical book, I pick something that is quite literally a page-turner: thrillers, mysteries, horror books, and dramatic stories. When my brain is occupied trying to solve the crime, uncover the secrets, or guess the ending, my body is too distracted to care about staying still. In many ways, e-readers require the same physical effort that reading bound books does: you have to hold onto a physical item and stay still long enough to actually read what is in front of you. But with an e-reader, the effort is minimized because of the size and convenience of electronic devices. That’s why, when deciding what to get in digital form, I usually go with longer books I would otherwise hate to lug around in my bag: science fiction, lengthy fantasies, and historical fiction. With the help of an e-reader, a 1,200 space opera isn’t nearly as intimidating (or as heavy) as the printed and bound version. Audiobooks, on the other hand, don’t require any physical commitment, but they do require mental endurance. Unlike physical books, or even e-readers, audiobooks don’t allow you to skim the pages or skip ahead to dialogue, and they don’t let you check out of the story, either. Because there is nothing physically in front of you to look at and reference, audiobooks force readers to pay more attention, lest they miss an important detail and have to “rewind” the story. That’s why nonfiction books and essay collections work well in audiobook form: they’re loaded with information, but their structure makes it easier for listeners to get the whole story, and the syntax generally translates well in spoken form. Listening to a nonfiction audiobook is just like listening to a long podcast: you can learn and absorb a lot that you might have otherwise missed if you were reading about it on paper. What you read and how you read is highly dependent upon your own personal preferences, but take it from someone whos done it all: you fan find the right fit, no matter the story, no matter the form, no matter the preference. That’s just the power of reading.

Will Moller Analysis Free Essays

A Rhetorical Analysis of Will Moller’s â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Cheating, in all forms, is considered deceitful and wrong. However, people still do it hoping the end result is an A on an exam or a better performance, in an athlete’s case. Cheating in itself is like an addiction and follows a domino effect. We will write a custom essay sample on Will Moller Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once one athlete decides to use steroids, others follow in their footsteps hoping to perform at a higher level. There have always been several athletes who choose to cheat for their own benefit and personal glory. As a result, those athletes are looked down upon for cheating the game and the fans. Nonetheless, people fail to understand the outside factors that influence great athletes such as Barry Bonds and Ben Johnson to use performance enhancing drugs. In his May 5, 2009 article â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses† Will Moller, blog writer for The Yankees $, argues that that performance-enhancing drugs should be permissible because the majority of good professional baseball players are forced to take steroids and such, as a result of baseball fans placing players on a pedestal to perform beyond their capacity. Moller makes a good point that fans have some responsibility for athletes cheating because of the pressure fans place on them to perform at an enormously high level; however, there are other responsible parties as well, including coaches, players, and the NCAA drug policy system as a whole. One of the primary reasons for athletes using performance-enhancing drugs is because of the fans animalistic desire for great entertainment. This actually causes athletes to want to perform at the highest level possible and stand out as great icons to the fans. To support his implication, Moller uses the pathos appeal, as he presents an analogy, of his personal experience as a student who was forced to use Ritalin because he struggled with the rigorous and competitive academic work assigned to him. Moller’s reaction to his choice was that he â€Å"did what [he] felt [he] needed to do, to accomplish the goal that was demanded† from him, despite understanding the â€Å"serious side effects, magnifying [his] senses in a very negative way. Nonetheless, academic success outweighed the bad side effects. Similarly, college and professional athletes are placed on a pedestal that urges them to accomplish success, win championships, and set unbreakable records. He also appeals to reasoning by recognizing that athletes should not be severely misjudged as cheaters for using performance enhancing drug use because they wish to perform better for their fans. There are other outside factors that also pressure players to cheat. Coaches’ extreme pressure towards their players to perform at a high level indirectly encourages athletes to use steroids and develop more strength. Notre Dame coach Lou Holtz was believed to be a primary cause for his players using anabolic steroids during the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Steve Huffman, a former linebacker, claimed coach Holtz â€Å"put [him] in this situation† because he once criticized the injured star during a team speech by stating that Huffman â€Å"let everybody in this room down if [he] quit. † In addition, Holtz threatened to rescind Huffman’s scholarship and showed no remorse or care for Huffman and the rest of the players during the losing season. Coaches who exert a strong mental toughness are perceived as good leaders who may lead their team to overall success. However, fans and the media do not recognize that tough love can have a burden on players, physically and emotionally. A coach, who constantly scolds players instead of guiding them, is tortuously leading players to use performance-enhancing drugs in hope of easing the burden and accomplishing what everyone around them selfishly wants. Coach Holtz practiced such coaching methods and as a result, school officials admitted that during the 1986 season five players tested positive for anabolic steroid use. Aside from coaches, the weak NCAA drug policy system also influences players to cheat. The use of performance-enhancing drugs is undeniably much more prevalent than it is generally acknowledged to be because of the weak policy regulations. Welch Suggs, an American collegiate sportswriter for The Chronicle of Higher Education, claims steroid use is rampant among college-level players. A senate panel spoke to a former college football athlete, who choose to remain anonymous, claimed that despite gaining twenty pounds and dropping his 40-yard dash time to 4. 5 seconds, his coaches urged him and many other players to gain even more weight and become stronger. People may be asking themselves how players are able to avoid the NCAA random drug policy tests. The former college football star argues that â€Å"the policy is weak, however, and fairly predictable, with the drug tests falling in roughly the same period of time every year† (Suggs). The weak enforcement gives athletes a greater motivation to begin using performance-enhancing drugs. Don Catlin, a professor of molecular and medical pharmacology at UCLA, oversees and examines drug testing for the NCAA and believes it is not â€Å"aggressive enough, but that’s society and the mind-set. The dollars just aren’t there† (Suggs). Fans, coaches, the NCAA, and society as a whole are responsible for encouraging cheating and drug use. People are not taking the matter seriously and as a result, steroids and other drugs are easily available for athletes to purchase online, in the streets, or maybe even from their coaches. In fact, Charles Grassley, the former Iowa Republican chairman of the caucus, showed the NCAA senate panel online auctions on eBay for Winstrol and Dianabol, which are commonly prescribed steroids. Ultimately, the fact that drug testing policies are so weak is practically asking players to use performance-enhancing drugs and cheat the game. Fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA drug policy may influence players to use steroids, but the ultimate decision is left to the athlete. Just as everyone is responsible for their choices, players must decide whether they wish to cheat, just as Moller had. The option to cheat in academics or sports is easily available, despite most people not realizing it. In a March 1st, 2010 blog in Sports Illustrated, â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING† writer Joe Posnanski argues that the beautiful game of baseball and other sports has always existed, despite people claiming that it has not or that baseball has become corrupt due to steroid and amphetamine use. He begins by introducing author Pete Hamill, a novelist, who believes that the game of baseball was at its finest, prior to performance enhancing drug use. To develop his argument, Posnanski concedes to the opposition first by praising Pete Hamill’s romantic novels and later criticizes Hamill’s willful self-deception by naively believing that drug use is not common in America and American baseball, as a means of cheating. Posnanski understand that baseball like all other sports â€Å"was never innocent, that America was never innocent, that innocence itself was never innocent† (Posnanski). Posnanski concedes first to show his respect by demonstrating his own character. In doing this, he is able to highlight the significant accomplishments in baseball history that have occurred due to amphetamine usage. In addition, Posnanski claims that steroids are much more readily available today than in the past. But cheating has always existed, in all forms. The fans, the coaches, and the NCAA itself are all responsible for willful self-deception as well, for having influenced players to begin using performance-enhancing drugs but believing steroid use is not rampant in college-level and professional sports. Fans are not entirely responsible for athletes cheating in college-level and professional sports. However they are one of many factors that contribute to players using performance-enhancing drugs. Athletes, fans, coaches, and the weak NCAA dug policy and enforcement may all determine an athlete’s choice to cheat; however, the players themselves must be accountable for their choices. Illicit drug use has negative side effects that can be harmful to athletes. But the desire to perform at a high level, break scoring records, win games, and championships is an always tempting just as it is to get an A on an exam. Works Cited Huffman, Steve. â€Å"I Deserve My Turn. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 27 Aug. 1990. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Moller, Will. â€Å"Those Who Live in Glass Houses. † The Yankees $. N. p. , 5 May, 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Posnanski, Joe. â€Å"Cheating and CHEATING. † Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. , 1 Mar. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 Suggs, Welch. â€Å"Steroids Are Rampant Among College Athletes, a Senate Panel Is Told. † The Chronicle of Higher Education. 50. 46 (2004): A33. ProQuest. Web. 14 Nov. 2012 How to cite Will Moller Analysis, Essay examples

The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem Essay Example

The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem Paper Her hair is shining like a halo and the use of angle suggests she is a God-like, beautiful creature, too pretty for this world. The romantic setting has a magical charm twas midnight charm. Midnight was always thought to be the witching hour, when all spirits were out. This adds to the enchantment and romance of the poem. Keats keeps emphasising how beautiful Madeline is. The simile like a mermaid in a sea-weed, compares Madeline to an other attractive creature. It creates a word picture for the reader to realise her beauty. Keats describes Madeline undressing step by step. Unclasps her warmed jewels one by one; Loosens her fragrant bodice. This builds up anticipation and adds to the romantic element. Keats uses and oxymoron dreams awake to tell the reader she is daydreaming. Madeline is so caught up in the enchantment of the night she is completely oblivious of what is happening around her. When Madeline is finally asleep it is described as the poppied warmth of sleep. This drugged and deep sleep adds enchantment and creates a sense of magic. Keats always compares the beauty of Madeline to the beauty of nature. As though a rose would shut, and be a bud again. This shows the purity and gracefulness of Madeline. It also suggests the power of magic. Roses cannot change back to bud, which continues the element of enchantment. Until now Porphyro had been hiding in Madelines wardrobe, however the reader is told he listened to her breathing. This proves her must be very close to her. And tween the curtains peepd. Showing Porphyro peeking through the curtains of her four-poster bed. Keats maintains control of his poem by using his voice to direct the reader to the next part of the poem. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Eve of St Agnes Romantic poem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Where lo! How fast she slept. Gothic imagery is used to add to the romantic setting. Silver twilight, suggests magic and enchantment. The faded moon shows the passing of time, giving the reader and idea of what is happening and when. Madeline is still asleep in blanched linen, smooth and lavenderd. This creates an image of a peaceful sleep and it appeals to the senses, the beautiful lavender smelling pure sheets. Porphyro had prepared many exotic foods for Madeline. The Manna and dates form silken Samarcad to Cederd Lebanon. These special and exotic foods from far away places imply riches and proves that Porphyro is totally serious about Madeline, and he is not just there to look and gaze at her. The exotic foods he had prepared perfumed the room, appealing to the senses. The exotic feast is a medieval idea, which co-insides with the medieval castle and the medieval features in Madelines room. Even the dishes of wreathed sliver were medieval crafts. When Madeline wakes Porphyro plays an ancient ditty in Madelines ear. This is very romantic. He is serenading her. However she wakes properly and is surprised and scared at what is happening. She is frightened, her blue affrayed eyes wide open shone. Porphyro gets on knees and freezes, pale as a smooth sculptured stone. This is a dramatic change, from the sweet sound of music to a sense of shock. It adds a nice twist to the perfect love story. Now Madeline is awake and confused. She moans and cries, and does not know what to do. She had heard Porphro singing in her sleep but not now! She is desperate for him to sing again. Give me that voice again, my Porphyro! This shows she wants the romance to continue. She is suffering that he is not singing. Oh leave me not in this eternal woe. After this the reader is told that Porphyro and Madeline consummate. Into her dreams he melted, as the rose blendeth its odour with the violet. Keats compares consummation with the beauty of nature, adding to the romance of the poem, like previously in the poem. Keats wanted his readers to know exactly what the two lovers did! This is why he uses a simile to describe the consummation. Solution sweet. Meantime the frost wind blows. Keats still maintains authorial control of his poem by using his voice to direct and manipulate the reader to the other happenings of the night outside of Madelines room. From now the poem moves very quickly. There is dialogue between Madeline and Porphyro, which again is part of a narrative. The element of magic and enchantment is still continued. Hark! tis and elfin-storm form fairy land. This shows although there is no real meaning for the rest of the poem Keats still keeps up the themes that have been shown throughout the poem. The medieval theme is also continued as well as the gothic image. A chain-droopd lamp reminds the reader of the medieval castle, and The wide stairs. Reinforce the gothic image. The reader is reminded that Porphyro is still in great danger. At glaring watch, perhaps, with ready spears. Although the solution is sweet, Madeline and he have consummated. Porphyro could still get caught! Keats does not actually tell what happens to Madeline and Porphyro, The key turns, and the door opens upon its hinges groans. And they are gone. These lovers fled away into the storm. From this the reader assumes that they are running off to try and start a new life. There is no proof of happy ending. Then again there is no poof a sad ending, however, the idea that they are running off into a storm suggests unease. Keats ties up all the loose ends in his poem, as it finishes suddenly. Angela the old died palsy-twitchd, with meagre face deform: The Beadsman, after thousand aves told, For aye unsought for slept among his ashes cold. He tells what happens to the other characters he had introduced at the beginning. Then the poem is finished. People think he ended his poem suddenly because, he had found out he had tuberculosis and had lost the will to live. Other people think he was so distraught that he could not have a life with his one love Fanny Brown he didnt want his characters to have a life, so his poem finished suddenly. I think he may have just got bored of writing it. Throughout the poem the reader is reminded that it is a narrative, and there is always proof that it is a romantic, even if it just in the features of the room. This poem is a very good example of a narrative romantic poem as it conforms to the all the elements.

The Laws and Governmental Structure of Iran

The Laws and Governmental Structure of Iran In the spring of 1979, Irans Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was ousted from power and the exiled Shia cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to take control of a new form of government in this ancient land in what has become known as the Iranian Revolution in 1979. On April 1, 1979, the Kingdom of Iran became the Islamic Republic of Iran after a national referendum. The new theocratic government structure was complex  and included a mixture of elected and unelected officials. Who is who in Irans government? How does this government function? The Supreme Leader At the apex of Irans government stands the  Supreme Leader. As head of state, he has broad powers, including command of the armed forces, appointment of the head of the judiciary and of half of the Guardian Councils members, and confirmation of presidential election results. However, the Supreme Leaders power is not entirely unchecked. He is selected by the Assembly of Experts, and could even be recalled by them (although this has never actually happened.) So far, Iran has had two Supreme Leaders: the Ayatollah Khomeini, 1979-1989, and the Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, 1989-present. The Guardian Council One of the most powerful forces in Irans government is the Guardian Council, which consists of twelve top Shia clerics. Six of the council members are appointed by the Supreme Leader, while the remaining six are nominated by the judiciary and then approved by the parliament. The Guardian Council has the power to veto any bill passed by parliament if it is judged inconsistent with the Iranian Constitution or with Islamic law. All bills must be approved by the council before they become law. Another important function of the Guardian Council is the approval of potential presidential candidates. The highly conservative council generally blocks most reformists and all women from running. The Assembly of Experts Unlike the Supreme Leader and the Guardian Council, the Assembly of Experts is directly elected by the people of Iran. The assembly has 86 members, all clerics, who are elected for eight-year terms. Candidates for the assembly are vetted by the Guardian Council. The Assembly of Experts is responsible for appointing the Supreme Leader and supervising his performance. In theory, the assembly could even remove a Supreme Leader from office. Officially based in Qom, Irans holiest city, the assembly often actually meets in Tehran or Mashhad. The President Under the Iranian Constitution, the President is head of the government. He is charged with implementing the constitution  and managing domestic policy. However, the Supreme Leader controls the armed forces and makes major security and foreign policy decisions, so the power of the presidency is rather sharply curtailed. The president is elected directly by the people of Iran for a four-year term. He can serve no more than two consecutive terms  but can be elected again after a break. That is to say, for example, that a single politician could be elected in 2005, 2009, not in 2013, but then again in 2017. The Guardian Council vets all potential presidential candidates and usually rejects most reformers and all women. The Majlis - Iran's Parliament Irans unicameral parliament, called the Majlis, has 290 members. (The name literally means place of sitting in Arabic.) Members are directly elected every four years, but again the Guardian Council vets all candidates. The Majlis writes and votes on bills. Before any law is enacted, however, it must be approved by the Guardian Council. Parliament also approves the national budget and ratifies international treaties. In addition, the Majlis has the authority to impeach the president or cabinet members. The Expediency Council Created in 1988, the Expediency Council is supposed to resolve conflicts over legislation between the Majlis and the Guardian Council. The Expediency Council is considered an advisory board for the Supreme Leader, who appoints its 20-30 members from among both religious and political circles. Members serve for five years  and may be reappointed indefinitely. The Cabinet The President of Iran nominates the 24 members of the Cabinet  or Council of Ministers. Parliament then approves or rejects the appointments; it also has the ability to impeach the ministers. The first vice-president chairs the cabinet. Individual ministers are responsible for specific topics such as Commerce, Education, Justice, and Petroleum Supervision. The Judiciary The Iranian judiciary ensures that all laws passed by the Majlis conform with Islamic law (sharia)  and that the law is enforced according to the principles of sharia. The judiciary also selects six of the twelve members of the Guardian Council, who then must be approved by the Majlis. (The other six are appointed by the Supreme Leader.) The Supreme Leader also appoints the Head of the Judiciary, who selects the Chief Supreme Court Justice and the Chief Public Prosecutor. There are several different types of lower courts, including public courts for ordinary criminal and civil cases; revolutionary courts, for national security matters (decided without provision for appeal); and the Special Clerical Court, which acts independently in matters of alleged crimes by clerics, and is overseen personally by the Supreme Leader. The Armed Forces A final piece of the Iranian governmental puzzle is the Armed Forces. Iran has a regular army, air force, and navy, plus the Revolutionary Guard Corps (or Sepah), which is in charge of internal security. The regular armed forces include approximately 800,000 troops total in all branches. The Revolutionary Guard has an estimated 125,000 troops, plus control over the Basij militia, which has members in every town in Iran. Although the exact number of Basij is unknown, it is probably between 400,000 and several million. The Supreme Leader is Commander-in-Chief of the military  and appoints all top commanders. Due to its intricate set of checks and balances, the Iranian government can get bogged down in times of crisis. It includes a volatile mix of elected and appointed career politicians and Shia clerics, from ultra-conservative to reformist. Altogether, Irans leadership is a fascinating case study in hybrid government - and the only functioning theocratic government on Earth today.

Learn About Consonant Clusters in English Grammar

Learn About Consonant Clusters in English Grammar In linguistics, a  consonant cluster (CC)  is a group of two or more consonant sounds that come before (called an onset), after (called a coda) or between (called medial) vowels. Also known simply as a cluster, these occur naturally in written and spoken English - though sometimes may be altered phonetically. This process, called consonant cluster simplification (or reduction) sometimes occurs when at least one consonant in a sequence of adjacent consonants is elided or dropped. In everyday speech, for instance, the phrase  best boy may be pronounced  bes boy, and first time may be pronounced firs time. Onset consonant clusters may occur in two or three initial consonants, wherein three are referred to as CCC while coda consonant clusters can occur in two to four consonant groups. Common Consonant Clusters The written English language contains up to 46 permissible two-item initial consonant clusters, ranging from the common st to the less common sq, but only 9 permissible three-item consonant clusters, as Michael Pearce posits in his book The Routledge Dictionary of English Language Studies. Pearce illustrates the common three-item initial consonant clusters in the following words: spl/  split, /spr/  sprig, /spj/  spume, /str/  strip, /stj/  stew, /skl/  sclerotic, /skr/  screen, /skw/  squad, /skj/  skua, wherein every word must start with an s, be followed by a voiceless stop like p or t and a liquid or glide like l or w.   In terms of codas, or consonant clusters that end words, they may contain up to four items, though they are often truncated in connected speech if the consonant cluster is too long, as in the word glimpsed being acceptably written as glimst. Consonant Cluster Reduction In spoken English and rhetoric, oftentimes consonant clusters will be truncated naturally to increase speed or eloquence of speech, oftentimes dropping the same consonant if it occurs at the end of one word and again at the beginning of the next. This process, called consonant cluster reduction, is relatively variable but confined by linguistic factors that inhibit the operation of reducing these words. Walt Wolfram, writing in Dialect in Society, expounds, with respect to the phonological environment that follows the cluster, the likelihood of reduction is increased when the cluster is followed by a word beginning with a consonant. What this means for average English users is that cluster reduction is more common in phrases like west coast or cold cuts than in west end or cold apple. This technique can also be found in poetry to force similar-sounding words with different consonant endings to rhyme. Take for example the words test and desk, which dont rhyme in their original form, but if one uses consonant cluster reduction, the rhyme Sittin in my des, takin my tes can be forced through truncation, as Lisa Green describes in African American English: A Linguistic Introduction, this is most common in the poetic raps of African American origins in the United States.